Surgical treatments for spinal stenosis include laminectomy, discectomy, and spinal fusion. A doctor may recommend surgery for spinal stenosis in severe cases or if nonsurgical methods do not help ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Richard Menger is a neurosurgeon and a political scientist. A post-operative x-ray showing a spinal deformity correction for ...

A caesarean section is a major surgical procedure, carried out when a vaginal birth may pose risks to the mother or baby. Anaesthesia plays a crucial role in ensuring the procedure is safe and ...

Spinal stenosis refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal, which is the space in the center of the vertebrae containing the spinal cord and nerve roots. At its most severe or final stage — known as ...